Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Judaism And Islam - 951 Words

Zoroastrianism is a religion founded in the late sixth century BC by a prophet name Zoroaster. The bases of the religion state that there is an existence of a supreme, above all ruler, Ahura Mazda. A believer of Zoroastrianism also believes that there is a constant, daily fight between a good force, Spenta Mainyu, and an evil force known as Angra Mainyu. Zoroastrianism has been the segue for some other religions that we know today. Those being Christianity, Judaism and Islam. All of these religion share many common features, the belief that there is a place for everyone after their life here on Earth has ended. Heaven is place for those who have lived a righteous life. Hell, for followers of Zoroastrianism, is slightly different than many think today. Their Hell is said to have several levels or stages depending on how many bad things or how evil of a life someone lived. Zoroastrianism faith also has a belief that if your good deeds and evil deeds are equal on judgement day you are s ent to a place where there is no pain as well as no pleasure. Another common factor is that it hasn’t always been an easy road for any of the religions. Many people have been harmed or killed, sacred temples destroyed along with many artifacts. In short, the Zoroastrian faith is said to have had a great impact on the religions we know today. Without the words in the Avesta and the ways Zarathushtra impacted the people of his time, who knows if the religions we have today would be a present thing.Show MoreRelatedJudaism, Islam, and Christianity Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pages Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are some of the religions that most individuals can relate to, being the three largest religions in the world. Like many religions they share many differences and also some similarities. One difference that these religions hold is their view of Jesus Christ. Similarities are surprisingly common to find among some religions because of the basis they put on one another. Som e similarities between these religions include: belief of monotheism and the influence of ZoroastrianismRead MoreAspects Of Judaism, Christianity And Islam1937 Words   |  8 PagesASPECTS OF JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM The purpose of this short essay is to compare the aspects of Judaism, Christianity and Islam religions. During this essay I will be discussing the similarities and differences of all three religions and how their values are is demonstrated in the current heritage of all three beliefs. I will also analyze their impact in society thought the years and their history, legacies and believes. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are the three largest religions aroundRead MorePeople Have Many Different Meaning Towards Religion854 Words   |  4 Pagesservants to honor and sustain them; and in return the gods are occasionally bestowed gifts and favors. In Christianity religion, People believed they have two worlds after death, heaven and hell. People have to follow the pope and do whatever he says. Pope stated that if they don’t follow him then there would go to hell. This is one of the biggest reasons why people followed him. In Christianity pope takes control over people. We see there is someone that takes control over people in every religionRead MoreThe Religion Of Zoroastrianism And Its Impact On The World986 Words   |  4 PagesMihir Patel Zoroastrianism one of the most ancient religions of the world found sometime before 650 B.C in Persia by the prophet known as Zoroaster. The religion of Zoroastrianism is based mainly on two aspect of life. The people who tell the truth are on the side of Asha, and are known as the people of righteousness. The others, who are known as the people of the lie, or druj, followed the dreary way of evil. Zoroastrianism is a polytheistic religion which shows people ways ofRead MoreThe Clash of Secular Thought and Religion1647 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluencing people to change their belief on the world. Major religions have made interactions, which affected some of their ideas for what they have become now. The major religions during the classical age are Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Daoism, and Zoroastrianism. These religions also have similarities and differences between each other in which it has involved them to what theyve become. The major e mpires that have affected are Persia, India, China, Greece, and RomeRead MoreThe Semitic People and their Religions1993 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribes ‘the people who came from the Middle East and their languages.’ Brown (2003, online). The religions of these people include – Judaism, Islam and Christianity. All three religions are sometimes referred to as ‘Abrahamic religions’ because they trace their history to Abraham in the Hebrew bible. In the beginning, there was the Zoroastrianism religion. Zoroastrianism is one of the worlds oldest religions. ‘It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra) in ancient Iran approximately 3500Read MoreComparision of Judaism and Zoroastrianism Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesComparision of Judaism and Zoroastrianism Religion has been a major focal point in any society and in any culture. Starting from the first civilizations in Sumer and Ur to the vast metropolitans of today like New York and London, religion has been around and played a key part in lives of people. Possibly two of the oldest religions in the world, Judaism and Zoroastrinism share distinct qualities that are still alive today. Both religions are practiced but Zoroastrianism is not as popularRead MoreHistory 53 Judaism Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesProphets within Judaism and what was the focus of their message? How what they did and said can be compared to what Jesus did and said? When did Jewish people transition from pastoralism to agriculture and from being nomadic to sedentary? 3 Id-Where and when did Zoroastrianism originate? How did it influence Judaism in terms of the figure of the devil and the idea of afterlife? List 4 ways in which it influenced all Western religions and explain why some people argue that Zoroastrianism provides theRead MoreA View Of Morality : South Asian Christianity1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof morality could be through South Asian Christianity. Morality in South Asian Christianity is â€Å"shaped primarily by worship in the church, reading the Bible, and home based religious practices† (Pechilis 181). Due to that in doing these three main things you religious life continues to grow and never weakens. It identifies what your real faith is. In where worshipping on Sundays, though being a Hindu tradition it has trespassed into south Asian Christianity. It has also, â€Å"brought along with it a loveRead MoreClassification of Religions1509 Words   |  7 Pagesexistence of one and only one GOD. The main three Abrahamic relig ions are: * Judaism * Christianity * Islam JUDISM Judaism is among the worlds oldest monotheistic religions and the first of the three Abraham religions. Around 12 million people in the world believe in Judaism. They are mostly in the United States and Israel. The Torah, or Hebrew Bible, is the most important holy book of Judaism. The primary custom of Judaism is practicing prayer, preferably communal prayer. Jews attend synagogues

Limitations Of Women s Rights - 1082 Words

Limitations on Women’s Rights in the United States Pregnancy termination is a controversial and sensitive subject that has sparked many debates in the past five decades. It is a two-sided issue between life and death of the unborn child. Planned Parenthood (2017) reports that 30 percent of women in the United States terminate a pregnancy before reaching 45 years of age. Abortion has been legal in the United States since Roe V. Wade; a 1973 landmark decision held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s right to personal privacy covered the woman’s choice to carry a child or not. Republican Administrations such as those of Former Presidents’ Ronald Raegan and George W. Bush have been tough on abortion rights and sparked anti-abortion movements†¦show more content†¦With Clinton canceling the bill in the early nineties, President Bush later reintroduced it, adding more elements. â€Å"The Bush Administration added still more teeth to the global gag rule, prohibiting funding of any group that â€Å"promotes or adv ocates† legalization and practice of prostitution and sex trafficking† (Garrett 2017). Early into Obama’s First 100 days, President Obama rescinded it again. There is a pattern between liberal and conservative beliefs/actions and the Gag Rule. Garrett has noted that evidence from research shows increase abortion rates under the bill. However, abortions rates were significantly lower under Obama’s administration due to women having access to contraceptive options, sex education and most importantly the right to make decisions in reproductive planning. Recently, President Trump has announced his position on the Mexico City Policy and is leaning towards reinstating it, despite the statistics on increases in abortions it has happen over time (Garrett 2017). Effects on the Black Woman and Community. Trump has switched his stance on abortion since announcing his run for president. Once pro- choice, he has recently exposed a different side, â€Å"from pledging to employ an anti-abortion litmus test for his Supreme Court nominees, to opining not only that abortion should be bannedShow MoreRelatedWomen s Roles During The Great Depression1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthe worst depression ever experienced by the nation. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† when the economy was thriving in the United States, women took the opportunity to improve their social statuses through enlightenment, but as this period came to an end women’s social roles began to change again. This investigation will cover white women’s roles in the early 1920’s, and during the Great Depression at the height of unemployment. This investigation should reveal the extent of change in women’s rolesRead MoreEssay on Voting History In The United S tates of America1539 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, many minority groups have encountered significant barriers to the right to vote. Traditionally, specific populations concerned with protecting their power over others have maintained tight control over this privilege. In doing so, violations of basic human rights have occurred; state and federal governments established voting restrictions based on race. Fortunately, several methods were taken for overcoming these limitations that resulted in the voting practices used today. These recent legislationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Being A Man By Paul Theroux953 Words   |  4 PagesDo men and women have the same role in the society? From the past to the present, women and men seem never to be equal. We are hearing a lot about the differences of gender and it is often identified by the stereotypes. The stereotypes mostly show men are strong, brave, and skilled; yet women are delicate, sensitive, and talkative. As a result, the society gives some standards and limitations on what men can do or women can do. In the texts â€Å"Being a man† by Paul Theroux, the author uses his experiencesRead MoreThe American Revolution Was A Political Revolution1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1700s, Great Britain was the strongest empire economically; she had established many colonies as well as rivals in the New World.Most important was Britain s rivalry with France as it led to the Seven Year War. The war had drained the empire economically, causing it to place taxes on the colonies in the New World. In turn rebellions arose and led the colonies to declare independence. For the thirteen colonies the American Revolution began with its Declaration of Independence. The AmericanRead MoreWomen s Political And Islam1265 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s political rights in Islam has been a controversial topic in the modern age. With the growth of ideologies like feminism and liberalism, Islam has been carefully examined undernea th a microscope for some time. Some argue that Islam subjugates women because they are not given the exact rights or roles men have been given. Allah (swt) has given men and women different biological, physiological, and psychological attributes. In the Quran Allah (swt) says in chapter 4; verse 32 â€Å"And do not wishRead MoreLimitations of a Military Chaplain1536 Words   |  7 PagesLiberty University Limitations of a Military Chaplain A paper submitted to Dr. Jim Fisher, PhD. In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the course CHPL 600 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary By Brian Harvey Lynchburg, Virginia Sunday, January 27, 2013 Introduction The fathers of the United States founded this nation on a principle of religious freedom, and it has since become the leading nation in peaceful pluralistic living. The United States Army is a direct reflectionRead MoreSpeech And Writing Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning1002 Words   |  5 Pagesall. But that she had not lived enough to know,† -Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Aurora Leigh v. 187). In the Victorian Age, a woman s greatest duty was that of being a wife and a mother. Women were told that they must be graceful, quiet, dependent, passive and to love with an absence of passion. They were of little individual worth apart from their husbands. A woman s enthusiastic interest in a higher, more advanced education was most definitely frowned upon by society. Elizabeth Barrett BrowningRead MoreGender, Development, And Development1210 Words   |  5 Pages Women in Development, Gender and Development, Women and Development, The Human Rights and Gender, Environment and Developme nt paradigms have shaped the course of development literature by taking into account both women s and men’s involvement with and in development. These five central perspectives have attempted to deconstruct gender bias in the economic, the social and the political sphere in order to show how development affects women and men in the global south. In the 1970s, WID came intoRead MoreSummary Of Looking For Alibrandi By Goria Steinem1077 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination, the fairness of gender controbility and gender limitation. Firstly, it is not without the word gender that we can be equal, but is our own idea, I am myself, and not influenced by gender. Gender discrimination has been widely recognized as the most widely used term for women s sex discrimination. The role of gender discrimination in women is the extreme form of misogyny. Historically, in many patriarchal societies, women were regarded as weaker (Prakrithi, 2016). In modern societyRead MoreMargaret Sanger : A Battle Between Modernism And Traditionalism1368 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat time for a revolution.We think of this â€Å"New Era† as a freedom for women. Now women were â€Å"breaking down the spheres of Victorian values (Zeitz). † In 1920, the powerful women s rights movement gave the women right to vote after so many years. Now they started to become more independent and had less restriction put into them.This time period gave rise to the flapper girls who smoke, drank, and had sex as they pleased.Many women became rebels , where they started to wear short dresses and tight bathing

Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability Production

Question: Discuss about the Report on Organizational change for corporate sustainability production process to China? Answer: Introduction Off-shoring is kind of business process where organizations relocate its business process from one country to other country. Organization mainly off-shores typical operational processes like manufacturing process and other supporting process like accounting (Eckel Irlacher, 2015). The activities of offshore are primarily associated with outsourcing of administrative and technical services that are supported by global operation from outside the home country. Littlefuse deals with production of switches and electrical equipments (Littelfuse.com, 2016). Littelfuse, Inc wanted to offshore some of their activities to other country like china. The existing employees of Littelfuse, Inc were negatively affected by these activities of the company. The company needed huge amount of money in order to open branch in other country. Therefore the company started to lay-off their long term employees (Ebenstein et al. 2014). The employees were afraid of losing their jobs. Local suppliers were unhap py because they were not getting scope for providing material like circuit boards, wires, and carbon bled. Local shareholders were not satisfies with their return. The customers were happy as they were getting more advanced product produced in new branch of the company. The company had faced a tough competition from their competitors like Analogic corporation and Amphenol Corporation. The competitor companies were producing advanced and diversified products with better design and new features. Therefore, Littelfuse were lagging behind in such competition. In order to survive with the competition, the company needed to expand their market and increase the production volume. Thus the company took decision to offshore some of its activities to other country for increasing production volume. The activities of offshore have been well accepted by the management of the company because these activities were providing positive result with regard to better product. The study analyses the driving factors of transformational change of Littelfuse Inc. Some theories of changes management have been discussed here. The communication and implementation plan of this change management has also been analyzed in this study. Driving factors for transformational change Consideration of Transformational change Transformational change involves a radical change in the business model of an organization. Transformational changes require changes in the organizational structure, culture and management. Companies may undertake transformational changes in reaction to crisis and repositioning themselves in the market. Littelfuse, Inc was facing a tough completion from its competitors company. In order to survive in tough competition the company needed to diversify their product and increase the production volume with lowering the operational expenses (Millar et al. 2012). Since it is a change in the process of management it can be regarded as transformational change. In order to reduce the operational expenses the company stated to lay-off their long term employees who were under-performing. Since it is a change in the structure of the organization it can be regarded as transformational change. Justification of doing transformational change In order to remain competitive in the market Littelfuse, Inc needed to diversify their product, but the company was lacking that much talented employee who could produce the diversified product. Majority of existing employees were aware of outdated technology. They did not have knowledge about new technological features. It was hindering the company to produce advance electronic switches and automotive sensors (Wiek et al. 2012). This limitation had made the company to undertake the lay-off strategy in their organization. The operational expenses were also increasing as the profit of the company was lowering. In this case also the company undertook lay-off strategy. The company was not producing that much as per the requirement of the customer. Therefore the company needed to produce large volume of product, but it had not that much of branch so that it could produce more in Chicago (Springer et al. 2012). This circumstance had made Littelfuse, Inc to offshore their activities to oth er country, so that large volume of product could be produced. Management Roles in transformational change The CEO of the company should pose the strength of commitment and leadership skill in the change management process. If sustainability of change management leads to success of the company, The CEO must believe that they are doing right thing towards the change. The moral conviction of the CEO must be enough to encourage other in following the change management. The board of directors is to take strategic decision for the organization (Vaccaro et al. 2012). The board of directors must have to recognize the importance of Laying off existing employee and shifting the activities of business to other country. Senior leaders must be committed and proactive that will be needed to make change happen. They have to convince the employees in relocating their jobs. Easier alternatives There are easier alternatives for accomplishing the goal of remaining competitive in the market. The company might get easier alternative by joint alliance with similar types of company. If the company did this alliance it would have produced more products by sharing its resources. The company could have also used the employees of other company to which it would have alliance with (Michael et al. 2012). The company could have got more new ideas in producing new type of product. Other alternative that can be identified is increasing the manufacturing belt. The production units could have increased by this alternative and the company could have accomplished the goal for remaining competitive in the market. Theories of Change Management theories of change management Kotters Theory According to Kotters change management theory employees buy into change when leaders become able to convince them of the urgent needs of the change. In the 1st step leaders creates a sense of urgency of the change in organization. In 2nd step leaders build a dedicated team towards the changes. In the 3rd step leaders creates vision for change. 4th step is related to the communication of change (Hayes, 2014). In the 5th step staffs are empowered with capacity to change. 6th step is related with creating short-term goal. In the 7th step staff remain persistent with the goal of the organization. In the last step ultimate change happens. Lewins Theory This theory is categorized into three parts and these are unfreeze, transition and refreeze. In unfreezing stage existing status quo of the organization are broke down for creating new way of operating the business. Some uncertainty may happen in this stage (Sutherland et al. 2012). In transition stage organization is to focus on specific issue of personal transition in change management. In refreeze stage change ultimately takes place in the organization. In this stage stable organization chart and reliable job descriptions are made. Action Research theory Diagnosis is the first step in this theory, where actual problems are identified in the organization. Action planning stage is continued to constitute new alternatives for making change in the organization (Stringer, 2013). In evaluating stage the new changes are initiated in the organization. The last step is specifying learning future issue of the changes are identified. Pros and cons of each theory Pros Cons Gives a clear picture for the future. Communication flow of changes is very quick. Create a framework for the change. Embeds the mindset that changes in the organization are one time event. It forces the employees to be the object of change. Table 1: Pros and Cons of Kotters theory (Source: Benn et al. 2014) Pros Cons Create short term plan Give focus on personal transition Dominates the employees Workplace can be discriminated Table 2: Pros and Cons of Lewins theory (Source: Jeston Nelis, 2014) Pros Cons Demonstrates future issues of organization Evaluates the progress of change management. Wrong alternative may be chosen Pressure upon the employees Table 3: Pros and cons of Action research (Source: Jones et al. 2012) Best way to ensure implementation of change The best way to ensure implementation of change in organization is proper communication among the stakeholders. All the stakeholders of the company must be understood the positive result of change management. The leaders of the organization should communicate the rational of the changes throughout the organization. Changes would best be implemented when it would be divided into various phases (Michael et al. 2012). Careful monitoring of the entire process is very much needed to ensure that changes are happening according to the plan. Section 3: Communication Plan Stakeholders What communication Who will send communication Communication Medium Investors Maximum wealth return is to be communicated Directorial voting right Production manager Chief operational manager Telephonic medium Personalized email Internet Suppliers Pre-payment Buying resources in bulk Production manager Operational manager Email based communication Employees Layoff-of saturated employees Downsizing employees who are creating high demand Retaining employees who are highly matured, performance oriented and under category of self-esteem Human Resource manager Directorial head Operational head Email through individual portal Communication with labor union for managing and cooperating Consumers Better product quality Diversified and customized product Categorized product (low cost) Sales and marketing manager Advertising department Promotional department Online medium Social media platform Television and mass communication medium Newspaper and radio Table 4: Communication plan (Source: Author) Implementation plan Steps Step 1: Departmental jobs Initially, organization has to find out the potential number of suppliers in the offshored country for enhancing its operation (Nordin et al. 2012). According to that the operation manager has to determine the number of employees that it needs to have in each departmental production. The production department has to be divided into circuit creation, switch board case production, customization and design and added features. Step 2: Determination of employees According to each of the department, the employees are to be divided so that unified rate of production is maintained, which will lead to decrease in lead time (Brown Osborne, 2012). The management has to determine that which particular employees will be fit for the jobs. As the organization is thinking to lay-off employees hence most matured and performance oriented employees are to be selected. Step 3: New policy and procedure for employee welfare Much amount of workforce flexibility was awarded for all employees. Thus, flexibility has to be categorized into each of the departments (Cook, 2014). As most of the older employees will be laid-off, hence new recruitments will have to be done and those candidates are to be trained. Step 4: Performance Evaluation Earlier, the organization was too much employee centric and thus demand from employees continued to increase. Thus, performance evaluation metrics are to be set up and according to that reward and recognition will have to be provided. This will increase motivation and higher level of performance. Implementation Planning Serial Number Implementation Steps Success Criteria Summary Rollout 1. Departmental Jobs Find out the potential number of suppliers According to supply, allocation of employees Division of production department 1. Circuit creation 2. Switch board case production 3. Customization and design 4. Added features 1. Reasonable suppliers with low price must tally with appropriate employee talent to bring out most innovative design. 2. Response from investors about the amount of investment they are allowing. Week 1: Supplier allocation according to present employees and consumer interest. This is the first stage and there will be no risk. 2. Determination of employees Division of employees Matured and performance oriented employees are to be retained Relocation of employees from host country 1. Increase in performance 2. Production enhancement 3. Innovative design from other competitors Week 2: Layoff of employees (who are underperforming) and recruitment of new employees High amount of risk as existing employees will be disheartened. From management side, it may lose experienced candidates. New recruited candidate may underperform and thus training is required that will require more time and cost. 3. New policy and procedure for employee welfare Introduction of new policy and procedure Creating code of conduct Upgrading workforce flexibility Determination of reward and recognition 1. Sense of justification among the employees will be ascertained 2. Higher employee motivation Week 3: Concrete policy, conduct and performance will be included. Workforce flexibility will be categorized for different level of employees. Little amount of risk is there as present employees will be negatively affected. This may create distress among employees. 4. Performance Evaluation This is the final step where new employees will be evaluated according to performance evaluation metrics. Reward and recognition Required training and motivation 1. Rate of increase in production 2. Employee satisfaction and feedback Week 4-5: This step will require time to understand employees and any drastic step may lead to negative activities Chance of risk is there as all the earlier steps will impact here and any change in earlier step will incur a huge operational loss for management. Table 5: Implementation Plan (Source: Author) Conclusion While concluding the study it can be said that Littelfuse, Inc has chosen offshore activities in their business. It has outsourced majority of their production process to China. The company has faced tough completion from their competitors like Analogic Corporation and Amphenol Corporation. The competitors company were providing better quality product. Therefore Littelfuse, Inc was lagging behind with the competition. The company was also producing less amount of product. Therefore, in order to mitigate those issues, the company took strategy for off-shoring its activities to other country for increasing the production. Various theories can be applied for suitably applying change management in the organization. A suitable communication plan can better implement the change management in the organization. Implementation plan is to be prepared beforehand for ensuring the positive impact change management. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Brown, K., Osborne, S. P. (2012).Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge. Cook, A. (2014). Applying change management theories to support implementation of activity-based funding. Ebenstein, A., Harrison, A., McMillan, M., Phillips, S. (2014). Estimating the impact of trade and offshoring on American workers using the current population surveys.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(4), 581-595. Eckel, C., Irlacher, M. (2015). DP10574 Multi-product Offshoring. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Jones, H. P., Hole, D. G., Zavaleta, E. S. (2012). Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change.Nature Climate Change,2(7), 504-509. Littelfuse.com,. (2016). Circuit Protection, Fuses, Thyristors, Automotive Circuit Protection, Protection Relays and Controls - Littelfuse. Retrieved 10 January 2016, from https://www.littelfuse.com/ Michael, B., Neubert, M. J., Michael, R. (2012). Three Alternatives to Organizational Value Change and Formation Top-Down, Spontaneous Decentralized, and Interactive Dialogical.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,48(3), 380-409. Millar, C., Hind, P., Magala, S. (2012). Sustainability and the need for change: organisational change and transformational vision.Journal of Organizational Change Management,25(4), 489-500. Nordin, N., Deros, B. M., Wahab, D. A., Rahman, M. N. A. (2012). A framework for organisational change management in lean manufacturing implementation.International Journal of Services and Operations Management,12(1), 101-117. Springer, P. J., Clark, C. M., Strohfus, P., Belcheir, M. (2012). Using transformational change to improve organizational culture and climate in a school of nursing.Journal of Nursing Education,51(2), 81. Stringer, E. T. (2013).Action research. Sage Publications. Sutherland, K., MacDonald, M., Payne, S., Neumeier, M., Kaminski, J., Bassendowski, S. (2012). Applying Lewins change management theory to the implementation of bar-coded medication administration.Nursing,7(3/4). Vaccaro, I. G., Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W. (2012). Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), 28-51. Wiek, A., Ness, B., Schweizer-Ries, P., Brand, F. S., Farioli, F. (2012). From complex systems analysis to transformational change: a comparative appraisal of sustainability science projects.Sustainability science,7(1), 5-24.

The Heart Essays - RTT, Aging-associated Diseases, Acute Pain

The Heart INTRODUCTION In today's society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others, COMBINED. One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina pectoris. Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other complications, and even death.THE HUMAN HEART In order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The human heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A double pump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood to all parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through the body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a person's clenched fist. It is located in the centre of the chest, under the breastbone above the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people the impression that their heart is on the left side of their chest. The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into four chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and the right atrium and ventricle. Each chamber on one side is separated from the other by a valve, and it is the closure of these valves that produce the "lubb-dubb" sound so familiar to us. (see Fig. 1 - The Structure of the Heart) Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply of blood and o xygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery. They branch off the main artery of the body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right side and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery further divides into the left circumflex and the left anterior descending artery. These two left arteries feed the front and the left side of the heart. The division of the left coronary artery is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary arteries. (Fig. 2 - Coronary Arteries)SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE There are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease: Heart Attack, Sudden Death, and Angina. Heart Attack Heart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis2 are terms that can refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute myocardial infarction2, means death of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply. Sudden Death Sudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and may occur without any symptoms or warning signs. Other causes of sudden deaths include drowning, suffocation, electrocution, drug overdose, trauma (such as automobile accidents), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart or brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest. Angina People with coronary artery disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, may experience intermittent chest pain, pressure, or discomforts. This situation is known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the narrowing of the coronary arteries temporarily pre vents an adequate supply of blood and oxygen to meet the demands of working heart muscles.ANGINA PECTORIS Angina Pectoris (from angina meaning strangling, and pectoris meaning breast) is commonly known simply as angina and means pain in the chest. The term "angina"